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Structural and functional body components in athletic health and performance phenotypes.,European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

泰然健康网
2025-05-20 13:48

Advances in body composition assessment enable a detailed body composition analyses and the respective organization at different levels. Sports-related professionals are interested in understanding how and which body components are relevant for improving performance, prevent injury risk, and monitor athletic health. The aim of this review is to propose an integrative model that links performance, injury risk, and athletic health with body components, and to report their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Cross-sectional studies reveal that endurance athletes with higher fat mass (FM) show a longer race time, whereas a higher fat-free mass benefits power and strength-related tasks. Longitudinal studies indicated that increases in intracellular water, assessed through dilution techniques, were associated with power and strength improvements, independently of weight and lean-soft-tissue changes. There is evidence that athletes involved in weight-sensitive sports restrict energy intake, thus reducing energy availability (EA) and compromising bone health (Female Athlete Triad). To counteract the low EA and related negative energy balance, metabolic adaption (MA) occurs to promote energy conservation. Currently, reference values for body composition assessment using anthropometry and DXA are available for a few sports, according to sex. More research is needed to develop a functional body composition profile according to sports-specific requirements.

中文翻译：

运动健康和表现表型中的结构和功能性身体成分。

人体成分评估的进步使得能够进行详细的人体成分分析以及各个级别的组织。与体育相关的专业人员有兴趣了解与身体的哪些部分以及哪些与改善性能，预防受伤风险以及监测运动健康有关。这篇综述的目的是提出一个综合模型，将性能，伤害风险和运动健康与身体组成部分联系起来，并报告其横截面和纵向关联。横断面研究表明，具有较高脂肪质量（FM）的耐力运动员表现出更长的比赛时间，而较高的无脂肪质量有益于力量和力量相关的任务。纵向研究表明，通过稀释技术评估的细胞内水含量增加，与力量和力量的改善相关，而与体重和瘦软组织的变化无关。有证据表明，从事体重敏感运动的运动员会限制能量摄入，从而降低能量利用率（EA）并损害骨骼健康（女运动员三合会）。为了抵消低EA和相关的负能量平衡，发生了代谢适应（MA）以促进能量守恒。当前，根据性别，使用人体测量学和DXA进行身体成分评估的参考值可用于一些运动。根据运动特定要求，需要更多的研究来开发功能性身体成分。因此减少了能量的利用（EA）并损害了骨骼健康（女运动员三合会）。为了抵消低EA和相关的负能量平衡，发生了代谢适应（MA）以促进能量守恒。目前，根据性别，使用人体测量学和DXA进行身体成分评估的参考值可用于一些运动。根据运动特定要求，需要更多的研究来开发功能性身体成分。因此减少了能量的利用（EA）并损害了骨骼健康（女运动员三合会）。为了抵消低EA和相关的负能量平衡，发生了代谢适应（MA）以促进能量守恒。目前，根据性别，使用人体测量学和DXA进行身体成分评估的参考值可用于一些运动。根据运动特定要求，需要更多的研究来开发功能性身体成分。