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2023年我国南北两城市4家游泳馆室内空气微生物污染特征分析

泰然健康网
2025-06-07 00:04

目的了解我国南北方游泳馆室内空气微生物污染状况及分布特征。方法从沈阳市(北方)、厦门市(南方)分别选择2家大型游泳馆,选择一周内的5 d对室内不同时间段的空气细菌总数和真菌总数进行采样检测,采用全自动微生物质谱鉴定仪对空气细菌种类进行鉴定,同时对游泳馆室内空气温度、湿度、CO2浓度和风速进行检测,对人流量进行了统计。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验进行组间差异性比较,采用Spearman秩相关分析进行空气微生物的影响因素分析。结果沈阳市和厦门市游泳馆内空气中细菌总数检测合格率分别为100.0%、96.7%,沈阳市游泳馆室内空气细菌总数和真菌总数M分别为367.50和685.50 CFU/m3;厦门市游泳馆室内空气细菌总数和真菌总数M分别为160.00和248.50 CFU/m3。沈阳市游泳馆室内空气细菌总数和真菌总数高于厦门市(P<0.05)。馆内空气微生物浓度与温度、湿度、CO2浓度、人流量等因素有相关性。两城市游泳馆室内不同时段细菌种类分布存在一定差异,沈阳市游泳场馆内空气鉴定出78种166株细菌,包括3种8株病原菌,馆内空气优势菌为olivaceus链霉菌(5.6%)和掘越氏芽孢杆菌(4.4%),二者在上午的构成比最高;厦门市游泳场馆内空气鉴定出77种262株细菌,包括8种39株病原菌,馆内空气的优势菌属为藤黄微球菌(17.9%)和奥斯陆莫拉菌(8.8%),前者在下午的构成比最高,后者在上午的构成比最高。结论本研究游泳馆室内空气微生物在不同地区及每日不同时间段存在一定差异,馆内空气微生物浓度与温度、湿度、CO2浓度、人流量等因素相关,提示应有针对性地增加馆内通风的强度和频率。

关键词: 游泳馆 / 室内空气 / 细菌 / 真菌 / 菌种鉴定 / 分布特征

Objective To investigate the status and distribution of indoor air microbial contamination in swimming pools in northern and southern Chinese cities. Methods Two large swimming pools were selected in Shenyang (north) and two in Xiamen (south). The indoor air samples were collected at different times over five days within one week to measure total bacterial and fungal counts. Bacterial species were identified using fully automated microbial mass spectrometry. Indoor air temperature, humidity, CO2concentration, wind velocity, and visitor flow were also measured. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the differences between groups, and Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the influencing factors on airborne microbes. Results The qualified rates for total bacterial count in the swimming pool air were 100.0% in Shenyang and 96.7% in Xiamen. The median total bacterial and fungal counts in the swimming pool air were 367.50 and 685.50 CFU/m3, respectively, in Shenyang, and 160.00 and 248.50 CFU/m3, respectively, in Xiamen. The values were significantly higher in Shenyang than in Xiamen. The concentration of microbes in the air was correlated with temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and visitor flow. The distribution of bacterial species in the swimming pools varied in the two cities and across different times. Specifically, 166 bacterial strains (78 species) were identified in Shenyang, including 8 strains (3 species) of pathogens. The dominant bacteria in the air were Streptomyces olivaceus (5.6%) and Bacillus horikoshii (4.4%), with the highest composition ratios occurring in the morning. In contrast, 262 bacterial strains (77 species) were identified in Xiamen, including 39 strains (8 species) of pathogens. The dominant bacteria were Micrococcus luteus (17.9%) and Moraxella osloensis (8.8%), with the highest composition ratios occurring at noon for the former and in the morning for the latter. Conclusion Indoor air microbial composition can differ in swimming pools by region and time of the day, and the concentration of indoor air bacteria is correlated with temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and visitor flow. Targeted increases in the intensity and frequency of ventilation in the swimming pools should be warranted.

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