老年人参与身体活动对改善健康、生活质量和福祉效果的系统综述
摘要：
目的 以世界卫生组织的相关重要文件作为研究的理论基础,建立老年人身体活动和康复活动架构,对老年人参与身体活动的健康和康复效果进行系统综述。方法 采用主题检索方式,检索Web of Science、PubMed、EBSCO、Google Scholar、中国知网和万方数据库建库至2021年6月30日与身体活动领域老年人身体活动和健康、生活质量相关的文献,提取文献内容,对老年人参与身体活动改善健康、生活质量和福祉的效果进行综述。结果 研究涉及的老年人参与的身体活动类别有有氧活动、发展肌肉的活动、发展骨骼的活动、平衡性活动和综合活动。老年人参与身体活动改善健康和康复效果,主要体现在改善身体健康和心理健康、促进社会适应和活动行为与营养;健康和康复影响主要体现在提高健康寿命,改善生活质量和福祉。在改善身体健康方面,老年人参与身体活动可以改善体适能、慢性疾病和身体功能;在改善心理健康方面,可以改善认知功能、情绪、人格特质和睡眠等。影响老年人身体活动参与和健康、康复效果的因素主要有个人因素和环境因素。结论 老年人参与所有形式的身体活动都可以提供健康效益,可促进健康老龄化,改善身体健康和心理健康,促进社会适应和活动行为与营养,提高健康寿命,改善生活质量和福祉。身体活动是一项健康相关服务,应促进老年人科学合理的身体活动,将身体活动与康复服务结合,促进老年人的健康、功能、福祉和生活质量。
关键词: 身体活动, 健康, 健康寿命, 生活质量, 福祉, 老年人, 系统综述
Abstract:
Objective To establish the framework of physical activity and rehabilitation for the elderly, and systematically review the health and rehabilitation effects of physical activity for the elderly, based on the relevant important documents of World Health Organization (WHO).Methods The literatures about physical activities and health, quality of life for the older adults were retrieved with subject retrieval method, from the database of CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed and Web of Science, EBSCO, Google Scholar until June 30, 2021. This paper reviewed the rehabilitation effects of physical activities on health, quality of life and well-being of older adults through extracting the literature content.Results There were five typical physical activities: aerobic activity, muscle and bone development activities, improving balance activities and comprehensive activities. The effect of the elderly participating in physical activities on health and rehabilitation was mainly reflected in the improvement of physical and mental health, social adaptation and activity behavior and nutrition. Health and rehabilitation impacts were mainly reflected in increased healthy life expectancy, improved quality of life and well-being. In terms of improving physical health, it can promote physical fitness, chronic diseases and physical function for the aging people. In terms of improving mental health, cognitive function, mood, personality traits and sleep can be promoted. The elderly participating in physical activities was mainly influenced by both personal and environmental factors.Conclusion Participation in all physical activity by older adults provides health benefits, promoting healthy ageing, improving physical and mental health, facilitating social adjustment and activity behaviors and nutrition and then increasing healthy lifespan, quality of life and well-being. Physical activity is a health-related service, so scientific and reasonable physical activity of the elderly should be enhanced. It is necessary to combine physical activity with rehabilitation services to promote the health, function, well-being and quality of life of the elderly.
Key words: physical activity, health, healthy lifespan, quality of life, well-being, older adults, systematic review
中图分类号:
R49
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