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食用酵素发酵代谢及功能特性研究进展

泰然健康网
2025-08-22 00:04

摘要: 食用酵素是一种以动物、植物、食用菌等为原料，添加或不添加辅料，经微生物发酵制得的含有特定生物活性成分，可供人类食用的酵素产品。随着人们饮食要求的日益提高，食用酵素因其具有多功能特性而开始被食品界学者深入研究，在国内外取得一定研究进展，但人们对食用酵素的了解仍有所欠缺。因此本文简介了食用酵素发酵机理、微生物组成及其作用，综述了食用酵素潜在的功能以及目前食用酵素产品存在的问题，旨在为促进食用酵素行业发展提供一定理论基础。

Abstract: Edible fermented extract is a kind of product which is available for human consumption. Edible fermented extract is made from animal, plant, edible fungus and other raw materials with or without auxiliary materials, fermented by microorganism and with specific biological active ingredient. With the improvement of people's diet, edible fermented extract has been studied deeply by food scholars because of its multi-functional characteristics. Though research progress of edible fermented extract has been made, the understanding of the edible fermented extract is still not comprehensive. This review introduces the fermentation mechanism, microbial composition and function of edible fermented extract, summarizes the potential function and the existing problems of the edible ferment products. The purpose is to provide certain theoretical basis for promoting the development of edible ferment industry.

图 1 食用酵素制作流程图

Figure 1. Production process of edible ferment extract

表 1 不同发酵时间酵素液分类及特性

Table 1 Classification and characteristics of fermented juice by different fermentation time

发酵液种类发酵时间（d）熟成时间（d）保存温度（℃）是否含活菌发酵液3054是发酵提取液100154是酵素发酵液18018025否

表 2 十大品牌酵素的发酵剂微生物菌种[1]

Table 2 Microorganism strains of the top ten edible ferment extract[1]

品牌植物乳杆菌发酵用菌种大汉酵素倍旭植萃植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、酵母菌吉林敖东大高酵素自然发酵大和酵素本草酵母菌Lumi净酵素长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌百纳吉多酶酵素原液鼠李糖乳杆菌生命密码清肠排毒酵素嗜酸乳杆菌养生天下蔬果综合酵素乳酸片球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌几木朵综合蔬果酵素液嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌森活酵素森活酵素膏植物乳杆菌万大酵素五味灵芝酵素出芽酵母、膜纹醋酸菌、醋酸纤维杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、胚芽乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、
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