运动及行为干预改善儿童超重和肥胖效果评价
摘要： 目的 探索运动及健康行为指导联合干预模式对儿童超重肥胖的干预效果,为儿童超重肥胖干预提供依据。方法 2023年4—6月,选取上海市浦东新区3所小学二~四年级466名超重肥胖儿童作为研究对象,随机选择其中2所学校为干预校,1所作为对照校。干预校超重肥胖儿童开展为期3个月的运动及健康行为指导干预,对照校超重肥胖儿童仅采取常规的健康宣教及基本体重监测管理。干预前后对研究对象进行体格检查和体能指标测试。使用独立样本t检验及年级和性别分层分析比较干预效果。结果 与对照校相比,干预校超重肥胖儿童的体质量指数(BMI)干预后较干预前明显下降,年级和性别分层分析显示,二、四年级和男女生干预前后差异均有统计学意义(t=2.25、2.33、2.64、2.25,P＜0.05);干预校超重肥胖儿童腰围(t=1.77、2.34、3.01、3.16、2.72)和腰围身高比(t=2.71、3.19、4.16、4.47、4.14)在二、三、四各年级和男女间的干预后较干预前均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。干预校超重肥胖儿童干预后较干预前血压下降更明显,收缩压二、三年级和男女生干预前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.26、2.83、3.03、2.59,P＜0.05),舒张压二、四年级和男生干预前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.41、3.88、4.10,P＜0.05)。结论 运动及健康行为干预对儿童超重肥胖相关指标的改善效果较好。
关键词: 超重, 肥胖, 运动干预, 健康教育, 儿童
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a combined intervention model incorporating physical activity and health behavior guidance on childhood overweight and obesity, in order to provide evidence for obesity intervention strategies in children. Method From April to June 2023, 466 overweight and obese children from grade two to four in three primary schools in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, were selected as study subjects. Two schools were randomly designated as intervention schools and one as a control school. Children in intervention schools underwent a 3-month program of physical activity and health behavior guidance, whereas those in the control school received standard health education and basic weight monitoring. Physical examinations and physical fitness indicators test were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Independent samples t-tests and stratified analysis by grade and gender were conducted to compare the outcomes. Results Compared to the control school, children in intervention schools exhibited a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) post-intervention, with statistically significant differences observed across grade two and four, and both genders (t＝2.25, 2.33, 2.64, 2.25, P＜0.05). Waist circumference (t＝1.77, 2.34, 3.01, 3.16, 2.72, P＜0.05) and waist-to-height ratio (t＝2.71, 3.19, 4.16, 4.47, 4.14, P＜0.05) also significantly decreased post-intervention in all grades and genders at intervention schools. Furthermore, blood pressure showed more notable reductions post-intervention in intervention schools, with statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure across grades two and three, and both genders (t＝2.26, 2.83, 3.03, 2.59, P＜0.05), and in diastolic blood pressure for grades two and four, as well as boys (t＝2.41, 3.88, 4.10, P＜0.05). Conclusion The joint intervention of exercise and health behavior guidance demonstrates a substantial positive effect on improving obesity-related indicators in children.
Key words: overweight, obesity, exercise intervention, health education, children
中图分类号:
R723.14
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