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Optimal Charging of Li

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2026-02-08 00:03

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Abstract:

Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. T...Show More

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Abstract:

Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective optimal control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled electro-thermal-aging battery model, where electrical and aging submodels depend upon the core temperature captured by a two-state thermal submodel. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method with adaptive multi-mesh-interval collocation is employed to solve the resulting highly nonlinear six-state optimal control problem. Charge time and health degradation are, therefore, optimally traded off, subject to both electrical and thermal constraints. Minimum-time, minimum-aging, and balanced charge scenarios are examined in detail. Sensitivities to the upper voltage bound, ambient temperature, and cooling convection resistance are investigated as well. Experimental results are provided to compare the tradeoffs between a balanced and traditional charge protocol.

Page(s): 7761 - 7770

Date of Publication: 01 March 2017

ISSN Information:

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I. Introduction

Batteries are widely used in mobile handsets, electric vehicles (EVs), and electric grid energy storage. They are an enabling technology for diversifying and securing our future energy supplies. In contrast to simple and rapid refueling of gasoline or diesel, battery recharge requires meticulous control and management, owing to complex electrochemical reactions, immeasurable internal states, and serious safety concerns [1]. Fast charging is a thriving area of research, as it increases the practicality and consumer acceptance of battery-powered devices (e.g., EVs). Nevertheless, it can also impair battery longevity depending on the charging method used, particularly due to heating. It is thus crucial to systematically study the tradeoffs between charging time and health degradation, which is the focus of this paper.