健康老龄化 Healthy Aging（翻译陈浩然）.ppt
I N T E R N A T I O N A L L O N G E V I T Y C E N T E R - U S A 国际长寿中心-美国 Healthy Aging健康的老龄化 Work 8 hours工作8小时 Play 8 hours 玩8小时 Sleep 8 hours睡8小时 (Not the same 8 hours)不同样的8小时 Healthy Aging健康的老化 Listen to your mother! 听母亲的 Eat your fruits and vegetables 吃水果和蔬菜 Share with others 与他人共享 Be a nice person 做一个好人 Healthy Aging健康的老化 Have good genes ( about 30%) 好的基因（大约30%） Practice reasonable preventive health(e.g. vaccinations) 实施合理的预防性保健（如接种疫苗） Be lucky (e.g. don’t get hit by a car) 运气好（如:不被车撞） Keep active – physically and cognitively 保持活动-躯体的和认知的 Be a women 做个妇女 Healthy Aging健康的老化 “Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died.” 不要找一个办公室植物已经死亡的医生看病（不要找一个不关爱生命的医生看病） -Erma Bombeck Healthy Aging健康的老化 Aging: Not a Single Process 老龄化: 不是一个单一的过程 Accumulation of mutations and changes in genes and chromosomes. 基因和染色体转变和改变的积聚 Damage to DNA, proteins, membranes, and mitochondria by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during metabolism (free radicals). 代谢时，产生的活性氧粒子（自由基）对DNA、蛋白、膜及线粒体的损害. Chemical changes in amino acids of proteins, including oxidation, glycation, deamidation, abnormal phosphorylation, methylation. Accumulation of altered proteins as aggregates, such as AGEs, advanced glycation end products. 蛋白氨基酸的化学变化，包括氧化、甘油、脱酰胺、不正常的磷酸化、甲基化。聚集时，蛋白积聚改变，例如晚期终末化产物、老的糖化终产品。 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Aging – Not a Single Process 老龄化: 不是一个单一的过程 Break down in mechanisms to ensure the accuracy of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis 确保DNA、RNA、蛋白精确合成的机制的破坏 Breakdown in recognition of self vs. nonself antigens, leading to increased autoimmunity 认知自身及非自身抗原的破坏，导致自身免疫增加 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Maintenance Defenses 维护防御措施 DNA repair. (Est.) 10,000 apurinic gaps in the genome of each cell/day; most are repaired. DNA修复.(欧洲毒物学会) 每天每个细胞整组遗传基因10，000无嘌呤缺口 Enzymes that destroy or antioxidants that absorb ROS (free radicals) 破坏的酶和吸收了活性氧粒子（自由基）的抗氧化物 Proteases that recognize abnormal proteins and degrade them (Continual protein turnover in cells with active metabolism) 认知异常蛋白和降解
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