茶多酚抗肥胖的研究进展
摘要: 肥胖是糖尿病、心血管疾病、肿瘤等若干慢性疾病的主要风险因素和病理基础，目前已成为全球公共卫生健康问题之一。随着肥胖率的增高，对于天然抗肥胖药物的研究和应用已经成为人们持续关注的热点。茶多酚（Tea Polyphenols，TP）是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称，在茶叶中含量丰富、功效显著，大量研究表明其在抗肥胖方面具有良好的效果，发展前景广。本文围绕茶多酚抗肥胖，综述了近年来在体外，动物和临床研究中的研究进展，并分别从茶多酚调节肠道菌群的结构和组成，调节炎症反应，促进能量消耗，调控相关酶的活性并抑制脂类的合成和吸收等途径探讨防治肥胖的机制，以期为开发含天然茶多酚的减肥食品或药物奠定基础。
关键词: 肥胖 / 茶多酚 / 肠道菌群 / 炎症反应 / 能量代谢Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor and pathological basis for several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. It has now become a global public health issue. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, research and application of natural anti-obesity drugs have become a continuous focus of attention. Tea polyphenols (TP), collectively known as polyphenolic substances in tea, are abundant and significant in their effects in tea. Numerous studies have shown that tea polyphenols have good anti-obesity effects and promising prospects. This article reviews the research progress on tea polyphenols and their anti-obesity effects in recent years, focusing on in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. It discusses the mechanisms of preventing and treating obesity through tea polyphenols, including the regulation of intestinal microbiota composition, modulation of inflammatory response, promotion of energy expenditure, regulation of enzyme activity, and inhibition of lipid synthesis and absorption. The aim is to lay a foundation for the development of natural tea polyphenol-based weight-loss foods or drugs.
图 1 茶多酚通过调节肠道菌群的结构和组成防治肥胖的作用机制图
注：GBA：肠脑轴；SCFA：短链脂肪酸；GPR43：G蛋白偶联受体43；GPR41：G蛋白偶联受体41；GLP-1：胰高血糖素样肽-1；PYY：肽YY；ARC：下丘脑弓状核。
Figure 1. Tea polyphenols prevent and treat obesity by modulating the structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota
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