基于认知分类的大学生网络健康信息搜索的学习效果研究
摘要： ［目的/意义］旨在探索大学生在完成不同认知层次的健康信息搜索任务时是否具有独特的搜索特征和学习效果。［研究设计/方法］采用实验法和问卷调查法收集了65名被试完成六类不同认知层次的健康信息搜索任务的搜索行为和学习效果数据，并综合利用配对样本t检验、单因素方差分析和多元线性回归法对数据进行分析。［结论/发现］ 用户在完成搜索任务时，其搜索时间、搜索策略、目标网页操作和搜索引擎结果页面点击次数等搜索特征在六类任务间体现出一定的显著差异；在用户搜索的学习效果测量方面，用户主题熟悉度变化指标可以有效地揭示用户在搜索过程中发生的学习行为，而用户感知学习效果指标无法有效地区分不同认知水平搜索任务间的学习效果。［创新/价值］首次尝试从搜索即学习（SAL）理念出发，引入了认知分类理论探索大学生健康信息搜索行为的特征及其学习效果的测量。该研究可为交互式信息检索领域设计不同复杂度的检索任务以及测量学习效果指标的选取提供理论支持。
关键词: 学习效果, 搜索行为, 认知学习理论, 网络健康信息, 大学生, 搜索即学习（SAL）
Abstract: ［Purpose/Significance］This study aims to explore whether college students have unique search characteristics and learning outcome when they perform the tasks of health information search at different cognitive levels.［Design/Methodology］Methods of experiment and questionnaire survey were used to collect the data of participants' (n=65) search behavior and their learning outcome, which were elicited when they executed health information search tasks of six different cognitive levels. Paired sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.［Findings/Conclusion］The results indicate that when users conduct the tasks, their search time, search strategy, operation on target page and click on the result page of search engine differ in the six types of tasks. Besides, in the learning outcome measurement of user search, the variable indicator of users’ familiarity with topics could reveal their learning behavior in an effective way. However, the indicator of user-perceived learning outcome was unable to distinguish the learning outcome of various search tasks at different cognitive levels.
［Originality/Value］This study is an innovative study which attempts to explore the characteristics of college students' health information search behavior and the measurement of their learning outcome by introducing the cognitive taxonomy theory from the perspective of searching as learning (SAL). The findings can provide theoretical foundations for retrieval task design of different complexity and indicator selection of learning outcome measurement in the field of interactive information retrieval in the future.
Keywords: Learning outcome, Search behavior, Cognitive learning theory, Online health information, College students, Searching as learning
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