运动与脂肪氧化动力学特征的应用启示
摘要：
文题释义：
脂肪动员：是指储存在脂肪细胞中的脂肪被脂肪酶逐步水解为游离脂肪酸及甘油并释放入血以供其他组织氧化利用的过程。
动力学特征：人体运动的本质是动作和能量代谢，因此运动科学领域的动力学特征一般应涵盖运动时的运动方式、运动强度、运动时间以及能量代谢等方面。
背景：当下降脂减肥已成为一个永恒的话题，运动作为降脂的重要手段，探讨影响运动中脂肪代谢的因素成为研究的热点。
目的：探究运动方式、运动强度和运动时间对脂肪氧化动力学特征的影响，归纳总结运动调控脂肪氧化的生物学机制，探索合理运动处方在防治肥胖等代谢性疾病中的应用启示，并瞻望该领域的未来研究方向。
方法：通过中国知网(CNKI)、百链云图书馆、PubMed和EBSCO运动科学全文等中英文数据库及Researcher、ResearchGate学术社交平台，选取“运动；脂肪氧化；脂肪动员；脂肪代谢；减肥”及“exercise；fat metabolism；fat energy ratio；fat oxidation rate”等作为检索词分别进行中文及英文组合检索，对最终纳入的相关文献进行归类、汇总、总结与提炼。
结果与结论：①脂肪氧化动力学特征是一个复杂的非线性过程，主要包括脂肪供能比例和脂肪氧化率两个方面，并受运动强度、运动时间、运动方式、运动水平、运动习惯和体成分等因素的影响，上述各因素相互关联、相互制约，并呈现出阶段性变化特征。②运动调控脂肪氧化的分子生物学机制已较为成熟，但乳酸抑制脂肪氧化的生物学机制还不完全清楚。③为提高减肥效果，建议增加每日运动量，但受能量保护机制的影响，运动减肥的时间并非越长越好。建议后续加强运动调控脂肪氧化的基础应用性研究，借助蛋白组学、基因组学和免疫组学等手段，在器官系统和细胞分子水平上，从神经调节、免疫系统控制、骨骼肌代谢、线粒体适应、肠道菌群活性以及外泌体释放等方面入手寻找科学证据，探寻相关生物学机制。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-1700 (孔凡明)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程
关键词: 运动, 能量代谢, 脂肪代谢, 脂肪供能比, 脂肪氧化率
Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, reducing fat and losing weight has become an eternal topic. Exercise is an important means of lowering fat, and exploring the factors that affect fat metabolism during exercise has become a research hotspot.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of exercise style, exercise intensity, and exercise time on the kinetic characteristics of fat oxidation, summarize the biological mechanism of exercise regulating fat oxidation, explore the application enlightenment of reasonable exercise prescriptions in the prevention and treatment of obesity and other metabolic diseases, and look forward to future research directions in the field.
METHODS: Literature retrieval was conducted in Chinese and English databases such as China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Bailian Cloud Library, PubMed and EBSCO Sports Science Full Text and Researcher and ResearchGate academic social platforms. The search terms included “exercise; fat metabolism; fat energy ratio; fat oxidation rate” in Chinese and English. After initial search, relevant documents were classified, summarized, and refined.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fat oxidation kinetics is a complex non-linear process, which mainly includes two aspects - fat energy supply ratio and fat oxidation rate, and is affected by exercise intensity, exercise time, exercise mode, exercise level, exercise habits, and body composition. The above-mentioned factors are interrelated and interacted, which experience changes in stages. The molecular biological mechanism of exercise regulating fat oxidation is relatively mature, but the biological mechanism of lactic acid inhibiting fat oxidation is not fully understood. To strengthen the weight loss effect, it is recommended to increase the amount of daily exercise. However, due to the influence of energy protection mechanism, a longer exercise does not indicate a better effect on weight loss. Further studies should be strengthened on the basic application of exercise to control fat oxidation. With the help of proteomics, genomics, and immunoomics tools, we can search for scientific evidence and explore relevant biological mechanisms at the organ system and cell molecular levels, in terms of neuromodulation, immune system control, skeletal muscle metabolism, mitochondrial adaptation, intestinal flora activity and exosomal release.
Key words: exercise, energy metabolism, fat metabolism, fat energy ratio, fat oxidation rate
中图分类号:
R455
R318
G804.7
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