寄宿如何影响学生的心理健康？
摘要：
近几十年来，随着农村地区“撤点并校”推行，我国大规模兴建寄宿学校。目前，学术界对寄宿制与儿童发展的关系存在不同看法，缺乏对影响机制的讨论。基于中国教育追踪调查（CEPS）2013—2014和2014—2015两期数据，探讨寄宿对于学生心理健康状况的影响。发现寄宿对学生心理健康具有负面影响，这种影响对女生、农村学生、非留守儿童、家庭富裕的学生更大。在影响机制方面，通过对亲子关系、同伴关系、学校管理的考察，发现寄宿通过减少亲子互动、增加校内霸凌行为影响了学生的心理健康；在寄宿学校内，同伴的负面情绪具有更强的传染性；在规定学习时间长和管理严格的学校中，寄宿对于学生的心理健康负面影响更大。中国寄宿学校的兴建在普及义务教育方面做出了历史性贡献，但是其发展面临诸多问题，需要从学校管理、家长参与、社会力量等层面进行完善，从而提高寄宿学生的非认知能力，推进人力资本形成的公平与均衡化。
关键词: 寄宿学生, 心理健康, 学校管理
Abstract:
In the past decades, with the roll-out of “school merging”, China has established an extensive boarding school system. Academia has different views on the relationship between boarding and children’s development, and the influencing mechanisms have yet to be discovered. Based on two waves of China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data, this paper explores the impact of boarding school on students’ mental health. This paper finds that boarding school has a negative impact. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative impacts are larger for girls, rural students, students with parents living at home, and students from affluent families. To understand how boarding impacts mental health, this paper reports that boarding school affects students’ mental health by reducing parent-child interaction and increasing school bullying. Also, in boarding schools, peers’ negative emotions were also more contagious. Moreover, in schools with longer hours of studying and having more strict management, the negative impact tends to intensify. This study concludes that joint efforts from the school management, parent participation and social involvement are needed, in order to improve the education quality and management of boarding schools.
Key words: boarding school students, mental health, school management
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