长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFAs)花生四烯酸(ARA,20:4n-6)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22:6n-3)对婴儿的发育至关重要。母乳或婴儿配方奶中的 ARA 和 DHA 是婴儿满足生理和代谢需求的主要来源。不同地区和不同哺乳阶段母乳中 ARA 和 DHA 的比例各不相同。在不同地区和不同年龄段的婴儿配方奶粉中,主要来自海藻油、动物脂肪、鱼油和微生物油的 ARA 和 DHA 的比例也不同。在婴儿期补充适当比例的 ARA 和 DHA 可促进大脑、神经、视觉和其他方面的发育。在本综述中,我们首先介绍了母乳和婴儿配方奶中 ARA 和 DHA 在不同地区、不同哺乳阶段和不同年龄段的摄入现状。最后,我们讨论了不同比例的 ARA 和 DHA 对婴儿发育的影响。本综述为摄入不同比例 ARA 和 DHA 的婴儿的营养研究提供了全面的研究基础。
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Dietary intake of different ratios of ARA/DHA in early stages and its impact on infant development
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are essential in the development of infants. ARA and DHA from breast milk or infant formula are the main sources of access for infants to meet their physiological and metabolic needs. The ratio of ARA to DHA in breast milk varies among regions and different lactation stages. Different ratios of ARA and DHA mainly from algal oil, animal fat, fish oil, and microbial oil, are added to infant formula in different regions and infant age ranges. Supplementing with appropriate ratios of ARA and DHA during infancy promotes brain, neural, visual, and other development aspects. In this review, we first introduced the current intake status of ARA and DHA in different locations, lactation stages, and age ranges in breast milk and infant formula. Finally, we discussed the effect of different ratios of ARA and DHA on infant development. This review provided a comprehensive research basis for the nutritional research of infants who consume different ratios of ARA and DHA.
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