首页 > 资讯 > Acta Psychologica Sinica

Acta Psychologica Sinica

泰然健康网
2025-07-14 16:03

For Selected: Download Citations

EndNoteRisBibTeX

Toggle ThumbnailsThe influence of initial and final character positional probabilities on the flexibility of position coding in two-character word identification2025, 57 (8): 1309-1322. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1309

This study investigated how the positional probabilities of initial and final characters influence the flexibility of position coding in two-character word identification and its temporal dynamics. Two parallel experiments were conducted using a masked priming lexical decision task, manipulating priming conditions (original word priming, transposed priming, unrelated priming) and priming durations (80 ms, 150 ms, 300 ms). Experiment 1 manipulated the positional probability of the initial character while keeping the final character constant, whereas Experiment 2 manipulated the positional probability of the final character while keeping the initial character constant. A total of 144 college students participated. The results revealed that: (1) The flexibility of word position coding persisted throughout the entire word identification process. (2) Both initial and final character positional probabilities influenced word identification, but the effect of final character positional probability lasted longer. (3) The positional probability of the initial character, but not the final character, modulated the flexibility of position coding. Specifically, when the priming duration was 150 ms, words with initial characters frequently used in the initial position exhibited more flexible position coding. These findings suggested that the positional probability of the initial character is related to the flexibility of position coding in word identification, whereas the positional probability of the final character is unrelated to such flexibility.

Figures and Tables |References |Related Articles |MetricsDual-system perspectives: A meta-analytic comparison of striatal and prefrontal cortex activation patterns in substance addiction versus behavioral addiction

HE Quanxing, LI Zhaolan, YANG Haibo

2025, 57 (8): 1333-1348. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1333

Despite the abnormal activation patterns in the reflective and impulsive systems observed in both substance addiction and behavioral addiction patients, it remains unclear whether these abnormal activation patterns share similarities or differences. To address this issue, the present study employed activation likelihood estimation (ALE) to quantitatively analyze the neural activation data of substance addiction patients and behavioral addiction patients during inhibitory control and reward-related tasks. After conducting a literature search and screening, a total of 102 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were included in this research. The meta-analysis results revealed: (1) In the inhibitory control tasks, substance addiction patients exhibited reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while behavioral addiction patients showed enhanced activation in the corresponding brain regions. (2) In reward processing-related tasks, the striatal activation was enhanced in both groups of patients. These results suggest that both substance addiction patients and behavioral addiction patients exhibit common activation characteristics in the impulsive system, whereas the reflective system is functionally impaired in substance addiction patients, while behavioral addiction patients may display compensatory activation. In conclusion, this study reveals that both substance addiction patients and behavioral addiction patients share common abnormal activation characteristics in the impulsive and reflective systems, while also demonstrating unique neural activation patterns.

Figures and Tables |References |Related Articles |MetricsRelationships of sleep parameters to internalizing problems in children and adolescents: The moderating roles of grade and negative emotionality

XING Shufen, JIA Linlin, YU Meishuo, WANG Kun, GAO Xin

2025, 57 (8): 1349-1362. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.01349

Sleep is essential for children’s and adolescents’ physiological, cognitive, and emotional development. However, sleep issues — including sleep deficiency, rhythm disturbance, and sleep irregularity — have become increasingly prevalent public health concerns. Although existing research has demonstrated the detrimental impact of sleep issues on internalizing problems among children and adolescents, several gaps remain in the literature. Specifically, most studies examining the relationship between sleep duration and internalizing problems have focused on linear associations, providing limited insight into non-linear relationships or optimal sleep duration thresholds among children and adolescents. Moreover, findings regarding the effects of sleep rhythm and sleep regularity on internalizing problems have been inconsistent. Furthermore, drawing on the differential susceptibility theory, which posits that individuals vary in their sensitivity to environmental experiences based on personal characteristics, it remained unknown whether these association are influenced by factors such as grade level and negative emotionality. To address these gaps, this study employed daily diary investigation to examine the associations between sleep duration, sleep rhythm (measured as sleep midpoints) and sleep regularity (measured as weekend catch-up sleep) and internalizing problems among children and adolescents, and whether these associations were moderated by grade level and negative emotionality.

Participants comprised 3, 197 primary and middle school students from Grade 4 to 9 (mean age 12.33 ± 1.72 years, 49.0% girls). Each participant first completed a daily sleep diary for seven consecutive days to report their sleep-wake patterns, including bedtime and wake time. Nocturnal sleep duration was calculated as the total hours between sleep-onset and wake-up time, and the sleep midpoint was defined as the halfway point between these two times. Weekend catch-up sleep was computed as the difference between weekday and weekend sleep duration. Following the diary investigation, participants self-reported their internalizing problems using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and negative emotionality using the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R). Parents completed a brief survey to provide demographics information. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine effects of nocturnal sleep duration, sleep midpoint and weekend catch-up sleep on internalizing problems, as well as the moderating roles of grade and negative emotionality.

The present study revealed three key findings after controlling for demographics information. First, a U-shaped relationship was observed between nocturnal sleep duration and internalizing problems among primary school students with high levels of negative emotionality and among middle school students. The optimal sleep duration threshold is 10.39 hours for primary school students with highly negative emotionality and 9.09 hours for middle school students. Second, a later midpoint of sleep was significantly associated with greater internalizing problems among middle school students with high levels of negative emotionality. Third, a U-shaped relationship was also found between weekend catch-up sleep and internalizing problems among middle school students with low levels of negative emotionality, with the optimal threshold of weekend catch-up sleep is 1.10 hours. In contrast, a positive linear relationship was observed for middle school students with high levels of negative emotionality, indicating that longer weekend catch-up sleep was associated with greater internalizing problems.

In summary, the present study highlights the psychological risks associated with suboptimal sleep duration, delayed sleep midpoint, and extended weekend catch-up sleep, particularly in relation to internalizing problems among children and adolescents. These findings not only provide further empirical support for differential susceptibility theory, but also offer practical guidance for developing evidence-based sleep schedules to reduce the detrimental impact of sleep disturbances on the mental health of children and adolescents.

Figures and Tables |References |Related Articles |Metrics‘Renqing’ or equity? The influence of favor acceptance on inequity aversion

WANG Zuo-Jun, YE Yan, CHENG Xue-Yan, XU Sihua

2025, 57 (8): 1452-1467. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1452

Equity and reciprocity are crucial guidelines for human interactions. While these principles often complement each other, there are instances where reciprocity can lead to breaches of fairness, such as in cases of bribery. Previous research has predominantly focused on the impacts of equity and reciprocity on behavior respectively, with limited exploration into situations where these principles conflict. This issue is particularly pertinent in China, where Renqing holds significant importance. This study aimed to investigate how participants navigate trade-offs when faced with conflicts between Renqing and equity, specifically examining how receiving a favor influences participants’ inequity aversion.

Five experiments were conducted to validate the research hypothesis. In Experiment 1A, we recruited college students (n = 124) and employed a scenario-based questionnaire to explore the impact of accepting large favors on inequity aversion (refusal behavior in ultimatum game). Experiment 1B (n = 250) was a replication of Experiment 1A with additional tests of mediation through gratitude and indebtedness, and with a more diverse sample. Experiment 2A (n = 120) adopted a similar scenario-based method to investigate the effects of “small favors” on inequity aversion and further assessed the mediating role of gratitude and indebtedness. Experiment 2B (n = 92) corroborated the findings of Experiment 2A by manipulating “small favors” in a controlled laboratory setting. Finally, Experiment 3 (n = 168) manipulated favors of different scale to further investigate the potential threshold at which the asymmetric mediation mechanism shifts under varying favor conditions.

Consistent with our expectations, the results showed that receiving favors, whether substantial or minor, significantly reduced individuals’ inequity aversion behavior, leading to a greater tolerance of inequity distribution schemes. This suggests that when the principle of reciprocity conflicts with the principle of equity, participants are more likely to prioritize reciprocity. More importantly, when we included both gratitude and indebtedness as mediators in our model, we discovered an asymmetry in their effects. Specifically, under conditions involving substantial favors (Experiment 1B), the emotion of indebtedness mediated the influence of receiving favors on inequity aversion. Under conditions involving moderate favors, both gratitude and indebtedness simultaneously served as mediators (Experiment 3). However, under conditions involving minor favors (Experiments 2A~3), the emotion of gratitude, rather than indebtedness, served as the mediator. This highlights the distinct roles that gratitude and indebtedness play in moderating responses to favors of varying magnitudes.

These findings help enhance people’s understanding of the fundamental principles of interpersonal interactions (i.e., reciprocity and equity), and shed light on the importance of policy development by various governments in order to mitigate equity violations resulting from Renqing.

Figures and Tables |References |Related Articles |MetricsHigh- vs. low-stake choices in life: How does modernization predict the multidimensional shifts of individualism in China

LIU Pan, QIU Lin, XIE Tian, REN Xiaopeng

2025, 57 (8): 1468-1481. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1468

The shifts of individualism have long been a topic of academic attention. However, existing research on the shifts of individualism in China has yielded conflicting results.

The present article suggests that such discrepancies may arise from the use of different measurement indicators for individualism across studies, and it is proposed that the practical manifestations of individualism can be categorized into two types based on daily life choices: individualistic high-stake choices (HSC, involving high opportunity costs) and individualistic low-stake choices (LSC, involving low opportunity costs), with modernization having a stronger impact on individualistic HSC than on individualistic LSC.

Study 1, through a questionnaire survey (N = 312), examined the Chinese participants’ perception of the significance of various life choices. The results revealed that life choices such as marriage, divorce, having children, and living apart from parents were significantly different from life choices of naming a newborn (male or female), showing that the former were individualistic high-stake choices whereas the latter represented individualistic low-stake choices.

Study 2, through analyzing 30 years of panel data from 26 provinces in China, demonstrated: 1) Individualism (including HSC and LSC) at the provincial level in China generally showed an upward trend, and modernization significantly positively predicted both types of individualism; 2) Compared to individualistic LSC, modernization showed stronger predictive power for individualistic HSC, along with smaller interprovincial differences in the prediction trend.

Taken together, by categorizing the measurement of individualism from the perspective of life choices, this study offers a new theoretical perspective for re-examining the shifts of individualism both within China and around the globe.

Figures and Tables |References |Related Articles |MetricsThe double-edged sword effect of crisis event strengths on employee proactivity: The moderating role of crisis leadership

ZHANG Yijie, ZHENG Xiaoming

2025, 57 (8): 1482-1498. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1482

In an era marked by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, the probability of crises unfolding continues to rise. Employee proactivity plays a critical role in an organization's process of turning crises into safer outcomes or even new opportunities. Although crisis events offer potential opportunities to activate employee proactivity, organizations often face the dilemma of employee inactivity during crises. The influence of crisis events on employee proactivity exhibits a paradoxical tension. On one hand, crises often induce emotional pressure and limit cognitive resources, leading employees to avoid risks and stick to familiar routines. On the other hand, crises also spark a drive for change, pushing employees to seek innovative solutions and improve existing norms. Based on this contradiction, our study integrated the threat-rigidity and threat-flexibility theories, indicating that the crisis event strength has a double-edged sword effect on employee proactivity, with crisis leadership playing a significant moderating role.

Our research employed a field survey (Study 1) and a scenario-based experiment (Study 2) to test our hypotheses. In Study 1, we gathered multi-wave and multi-source data from a Chinese educational training group experiencing a crisis, amassing 340 valid responses. To overcome the causal identification challenges inherent in field surveys, we then conducted a scenario experiment (Study 2). Study 2 involved 202 participants in an online setting, employing a 2(crisis event strength: high vs. low) x2(crisis leadership: high vs. low) experimental design to probe the effect of the interaction between crisis event strength and crisis leadership on employees’ emotional exhaustion and cognitive flexibility. This combination of research designs effectively enhances both the internal validity and external validity of the conclusions. Results from Studies 1 and 2 revealed that, under conditions of high crisis leadership, crisis event strength could activate employee proactivity by enhancing cognitive flexibility. Conversely, under low crisis leadership, it suppressed proactivity through emotional exhaustion.

Focusing on the impact of crisis event strengths on employee proactivity from the perspective of crisis leadership, this research makes the following contributions: First, by delving into how crisis events affect individual employee behavior, this study offers a micro-level perspective for crisis management studies. Second, grounded in the threat-rigidity and threat-flexibility theories, this study elucidates the mechanisms through which crisis events can both inhibit and activate employee proactivity, encouraging a dialectical view of crisis impacts. Third, by highlighting crisis leadership as a critical boundary condition for the influences of crisis event strength, this study enhances our understanding of both the effects of crisis events and the role of crisis leadership. Last, this study advances the antecedents of proactivity by proposing that crisis event strength may also serve as a potential motivator for employee proactivity.

Figures and Tables |References |Related Articles |Metrics