Effects of Physical Activity on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Old Age: Bibliometric and Meta
Objectives: Accumulating evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) is an efficient intervention to maintain functional capabilities and mitigate physiological changes in the older population. However, an attempt has yet to be made to comprehensively investigate the published landscape on the subject. Methods: This study had two aims. The first aim was to perform a bibliometric analysis for two keywords, “aging” and “PA”, to analyze the research trend. Since “frailty” was the most noticeable co-occurring keyword with the two keywords, the second aim was to investigate the effects of PA, particularly, resistance training (RT), on frailty using a meta-analysis to provide a summary of the current evidence base. Results: The bibliometric analysis revealed that the number of publications on this research topic has gradually increased, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of PA in aging. The meta-analysis found that RT had significant beneficial effects on physical frailty factors, including handgrip strength, lower limb strength, balance, gait speed, and stair-climbing ability. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that RT is an effective intervention for improving physical function in frail populations; thus, it has important implications for the development of PA programs for older adults with frailty. Future research is warranted to explore the optimal dose, frequency, and duration of RT programs for older adults, as well as the potential benefits of combining RT with other forms of PA, such as aerobic or balance exercises.
中文翻译：
体力活动对老年身体成分、肌肉力量和身体机能的影响：文献计量和荟萃分析
目标：越来越多的证据表明，体力活动 (PA) 是维持老年人功能和减轻生理变化的有效干预措施。然而，尚未尝试全面调查已发表的有关该主题的情况。方法：本研究有两个目的。第一个目的是对“aging”和“PA”两个关键词进行文献计量分析，分析研究趋势。由于“虚弱”是这两个关键词中最引人注目的同时出现的关键词，因此第二个目标是使用荟萃分析来研究 PA，特别是阻力训练 (RT) 对虚弱的影响，以提供当前的总结证据基础。结果：文献计量分析显示，有关该研究主题的出版物数量逐渐增加，凸显了了解 PA 在衰老中的作用的重要性。荟萃分析发现，RT 对身体虚弱因素有显着的有益影响，包括握力、下肢力量、平衡、步态速度和爬楼梯能力。结论：这些研究结果表明，放疗是改善体弱人群身体机能的有效干预措施；因此，它对于针对体弱老年人制定 PA 项目具有重要意义。未来的研究有必要探索老年人 RT 计划的最佳剂量、频率和持续时间，以及将 RT 与其他形式的 PA（例如有氧运动或平衡运动）相结合的潜在益处。
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