摘要:
目的调查备孕期妇女口腔健康干预效果。
方法按照纳入标准选取来自宁夏医科大学总医院生殖医学中心备孕期妇女40名,进行一般情况、菌斑临床评估及口腔健康教育,评估备孕期妇女在接受口腔健康干预前后的口腔健康情况。
结果在口腔健康状况调查,“刷牙出血”“咀嚼食物困难”“牙齿或牙龈对冷、热或甜刺激敏感”“因为牙齿的原因限制所吃食物的种类和数量”“用药物缓解口腔的疼痛或不适”5项干预前后的比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。在口腔保健行为中,干预前后“刷牙次数”“刷牙方式”“饭后漱口”“使用牙线”4项内容的比较中,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001),“牙刷更换”差异无统计学意义(P=0.467)。在备孕期妇女口腔相关知识知晓情况调查,“牙周病可能致新生儿早产”“牙周病可能致新生儿低体重”“孕前需要口腔检查”“孕期易患口腔疾病”“孕中期是治疗口腔疾病的最佳时期”5项内容干预前后的比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。干预后菌斑指数为(4.37±0.94)分,低于干预前的(5.47±1.08)分,差异有统计学意义(t=7.93,P=0.001)。
结论对口腔健康干预,提高了备孕期妇女的口腔相关知识的知晓程度,在一定程度上也增强了口腔保健水平,可改善备孕期妇女的口腔健康状况。口腔健康干预可有效降低备孕期妇女的菌斑水平,提高菌斑清除效率。
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intervention on oral health of pre-pregnancy women before and after oral health education.
MethodsA total of 40 pre-pregnancy women were selected from the Reproductive Medicine Center of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University according to the inclusion criteria, general conditions, clinical evaluation of plaque and oral health education. Their oral health conditions were evaluated before and after oral health intervention.
ResultsBased on the oral health status survey, there were significant differences between before and after intervention (all P<0.001) in the following five items: “bleeding from brushing teeth”, “difficulty biting or chewing food”, “sensitivity of teeth or gums to cold, hot, or sweet stimuli”, "restriction of the type and amount of food eaten for dental reasons” and “medication for oral pain or discomfort”. There were significant differences between before and after intervention (all P<0.001) in four items of oral health care behavior including “How often do you brush your teeth?”, “How do you brush your teeth?”, “gargle after meals”, and “floss use or not” but showed no significant difference in toothbrush replacement (P=0.467). There were significant differences (all P<0.001) in five items of oral health knowledge including “periodontal disease can lead to premature delivery of newborns”, “periodontal disease can lead to low birth weight of newborns”, “need oral examination before pregnancy”, “pregnancy prone to oral diseases”, “mid-pregnancy is the best period for the treatment of oral diseases”. The oral plaque index before intervention was 5.47±1.08 and reduced to 4.37±0.94 after intervention (t=7.93, P=0.001).
ConclusionThrough education intervention, the oral health status of pre-pregnancy women can be improved. The knowledge of oral health can be improved and the level of oral health care can be enhanced. Oral health intervention can effectively reduce the level of plaque in pre-pregnancy women and improve the efficiency of plaque clearance.
表 1 备孕期妇女口腔健康状况、口腔健康保健行为和口腔相关知识知晓情况问卷调查内容
序号问题 1您平时刷牙出血吗2您有咬或咀嚼食物困难的症状吗2您的牙齿或牙龈对冷、热或甜刺激敏感吗4您有因为牙齿的原因限制所吃食物的种类和数量的情况吗5您经常用药物缓解口腔的疼痛或不适吗6您的刷牙次数7您的刷牙方式8您的牙刷多久更换一次9您有没有饭后漱口的习惯10您有没有使用牙线的习惯11您是否知道牙周病可能致新生儿早产12您是否知道牙周病可能致新生儿低体重13您是否知道孕前需要口腔检查14您是否知道孕期容易患口腔疾病15您是否知道孕中期是治疗口腔疾病的最佳时期表 2 40名备孕期妇女口腔健康干预前后口腔健康状况的比较[M(P25,P75),分]
口腔健康状况相关问题干预前(n=40)干预后(n=40)Z值P值 刷牙出血3.0(2.0,3.0)2.0(1.0,2.0)-5.083<0.001咬或咀嚼食物困难2.5(1.2,4.0)1.0(1.0,2.0)-4.437<0.001牙齿或牙龈对冷、热或甜刺激敏感2.0(1.0,3.0)1.0(1.0,2.0)-3.696<0.001因牙齿原因限制所吃食物的种类和 数量3.0(2.0,3.0)1.5(1.0,2.0)-5.061<0.001用药物缓解口腔的疼痛或不适3.5(3.0,4.0)1.0(1.0,2.0)-5.327<0.001表 3 40名备孕期妇女口腔健康干预前后口腔健康保健行为的比较
问题程度(分类)干预前(n=40)干预后(n=40)Z值P值 刷牙次数1次/d5(12.5)2(5.0)-4.583<0.0012次/d34(85.0)19(47.5)3次/d1(2.5)19(47.5)刷牙方式巴氏刷牙法7(17.5)40(100.0)-5.102<0.001横刷15(37.5)0(0.0)竖刷12(30.0)0(0.0)转圈刷6(15.0)0(0.0)牙刷更换没有规律6(15.0)0(0.0)-0.7280.4673个月24(60.0)39(97.5)6个月10(25.0)1(2.5)饭后漱口没有7(17.5)0(0.0)-5.142<0.0012~6次/周9(22.5)0(0.0)1次/d18(45.0)3(7.5)≥2次/d6(15.0)37(92.5)使用牙线没有14(35.0)1(2.5)-4.132<0.0012~6次/周8(20.0)9(22.5)1次/d13(32.5)23(57.5)≥2次/d5(12.5)7(17.5) 【注】括号外为人数,括号内为构成比(%)。表 4 40名备孕期妇女口腔健康干预前后口腔相关知识知晓情况的比较
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