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运动干预对睡眠障碍的影响及作用机制研究进展

泰然健康网
2024-12-15 02:15

摘要:

睡眠障碍严重影响人们的身心健康，已成为现代社会人们普遍关注的问题。研究表明，急性运动干预和长期规律性运动干预均可改善紊乱的睡眠结构，使各期睡眠时长和比例趋于正常。运动干预还能对睡眠期间的内分泌功能、代谢功能、免疫应答、自主神经系统和心脏功能产生积极影响，是改善睡眠障碍的一种非药物治疗手段。运动干预的类型（有氧运动、抗阻运动、身心运动）是运动干预方案的调节变量之一，不同类型的运动改善睡眠障碍的机制存在差异。运动量、运动强度是运动干预方案的另一调节变量，针对个体可能存在改善睡眠障碍最佳的运动量和运动强度。在不同时间段实施的运动干预也会对睡眠障碍造成不同程度的影响，目前在改善睡眠质量最佳运动时间段方面尚未形成共识。本文从表观遗传、过度觉醒、昼夜节律、体温调节等4个方面总结了运动改善睡眠障碍的作用机制，并讨论了目前该领域的研究不足和研究展望，为睡眠障碍运动处方的制定提供理论依据。

关键词: 运动干预 / 睡眠障碍 / 机制 / 综述

Abstract:

Sleep disorders, a common concern in modern society, seriously affect people's physical and mental health. Reported findings suggest that both acute exercise intervention and long-term regular exercise intervention can improve the disrupted sleep structure and normalize the duration and proportion of the different phases of sleep. Moreover, exercise intervention has a positive effect on the endocrine functions, the metabolic functions, the immune response, the autonomic nervous system, and cardiac functions during sleep. It is a non-medicative therapeutic strategy for improving sleep disorders. The specific type of exercise intervention (aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or meditative movement) adopted is one of the moderating variables of exercise intervention programs. Different types of exercise improve sleep disorders by way of different mechanisms. Exercise volume and intensity are another moderating variable of exercise intervention programs. The optimal amount and intensity of exercise for different individuals to improve sleep disorders may vary. Exercise interventions implemented at the different times throughout a day can also have varying degrees of impact on sleep disorders and there is no consensus on the optimal exercise time for improving sleep quality at present. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms by which exercise intervention improves sleep disorders from four perspectives, including epigenetics, hyperarousal, human circadian rhythm, and body temperature regulation. In addition, we discussed the current gaps and prospects of research in this field, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of exercise prescriptions for sleep disorders.

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