心理健康问题的当代诠释:学理与系统视角
摘要： 在百年未有之大变局下,心理健康问题需要从多维的系统角度重新诠释。就心理健康问题的性质而言,要反对诊断主义、还原主义、教育万能论等“本本主义”倾向;就心理健康问题的特点而言,它是一个连续性与阶段性统一的发展系统;就心理健康问题的影响因素而言,它是人与环境相互作用的一个生态系统;就心理健康问题的作用机制而言,它是一个集文化潮流、时代变迁等社会心理因素叠加的复杂系统。因此,心理健康教育不能“就事论事”,心理健康问题更不能“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,它应该是一个有章可循的系统工程,需要创新系统思维,以学校教育、卫生健康、社会建设三个领域为横坐标,以个体、人际、群体、社会和环境五个维度为纵坐标,纵横交错、抓住结点,“综合治理、网格化治理”。
关键词: 心理健康问题, 系统视角, 本本主义, 生态系统, 综合治理
Abstract: Under the greatest changes unseen in a century,mental health problems need to be reinterpreted from a multi-dimensional system perspective. In terms of the nature of mental health problems,it is necessary to oppose “dogmatism” tendencies such as diagnosticism,reductionism,and educational omnipotence. In terms of the characteristics of mental health problems,it is a development system that unifies continuity and phases. In terms of the influencing factors of mental health problems,it is an ecosystem of interactions between human beings and the environment. As far as the mechanism of mental health problems is concerned,it is a complex system that integrates cultural trends,changes of the times and other socio-psychological factors. Therefore,mental health education should neither be “taking the matter on its merits” nor “treating the symptoms rather than getting to the root of the problem”. It should be a rule-based system engineering that involves innovative system-thinking. We should take the three dimensions of school education,health care and social construction as abscissa,take the five dimensions of individuals,interpersonal relationships,groups,society and environment as ordinate,and crisscross these coordinates and form “system governance and grid governance”.
Key words: mental health problems, a systematic perspective, dogmatism, ecosystem, system governance
中图分类号:
B849
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