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农药杀虫剂对女性生殖健康影响的研究进展

泰然健康网
2024-12-27 14:46

摘要：

农药杀虫剂是农业领域和家庭中使用的主要农药类别之一，包括有机氯类杀虫剂（organo-chlorine pesticide，OCP）、有机磷类杀虫剂（organophosphate pesticide，OP）、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂（carbamate pesticides，CM）、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（pyrethroid pesticide，PYR）和新烟碱类杀虫剂（neonicotinoid）等，被广泛应用于农业园林和家庭室内的防虫除虫，在环境中广泛残留，可通过饮用水和食物链等多种暴露途径在人体中富集，从而对健康产生一系列不良影响。近年来，农药杀虫剂对女性生殖健康的潜在危害引起了人们的关注。越来越多的研究表明，农药杀虫剂暴露与女性生殖内分泌异常、月经周期紊乱、生育能力下降、备孕时间延长、自然流产和女性内生殖器官疾病等有关。然而农药杀虫剂影响女性生殖健康的发生机制尚不明确。该文总结了近年来农药杀虫剂暴露与女性生殖健康相关的环境流行病学研究，并从下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴干扰、诱导氧化应激及生殖细胞凋亡等方面，对农药杀虫剂诱导雌性生殖毒性的潜在作用机制进行了探讨。

关键词: 农药, 杀虫剂, 女性生殖, 毒性机制

Abstract:

Insecticide is one of the main categories of pesticides used in agriculture and households, including organo-chlorine pesticide (OCP), organophosphate pesticide (OP), carbamate pesticide (CM), pyrethroid pesticide (PYR), and neonicotinoids. They are widely used for pest control in agricultural gardens and homes. The residues of insecticides have been extensively detected in the environment, and they can be enriched through multiple exposure pathways (such as drinking water, food chain) to produce adverse health effects on humans. In recent years, the potential reproductive health risk to females has attracted people's attention. There is an increasing evidence that insecticide exposure is related to female reproductive endocrine abnormalities, menstrual cycle disorders, decreased fertility, long time to pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and female internal genital diseases. However, the mechanism of the impact of pesticides on female reproductive health remains unclear. This article reviews recent epidemiological studies on the relationship between insecticides exposure and female reproductive health. This article also discusses the potential effects of insecticides on the interference of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, oxidative stress, and germ cell apoptosis.

Key words: pesticides, insecticides, female reproduction, toxicological mechanism

中图分类号:

R114