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照顾者所经历的种族主义、文化适应压力和政治敌意可预测居住在美国的拉美裔

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2025-05-20 03:29

照顾者所经历的种族主义、文化适应压力和政治敌意可预测居住在美国的拉美裔家庭的焦虑情绪。

摘要

目的：文化压力可有效预测美国成年移民和青少年移民的心理健康不平等现象，如焦虑。然而，针对青春期前的研究较少，而这一时期的神经发育和社会心理变化可能会加剧焦虑症状。拉丁裔女孩的焦虑水平较高，且未经治疗，她们可能面临更高的风险。本研究测试了文化压力是否能预测拉丁裔女孩及其照顾者的焦虑症状：方法：161 名主要认同墨西哥文化的拉丁裔女孩（Mage = 10.70，SD = 1.68）的主要照顾者报告了他们所面临的种族主义、文化适应压力和政治敌意。他们还报告了自己和女儿的焦虑严重程度：从种族主义、文化适应压力和政治敌意问卷的综合得分中提取了一个主成分，作为文化压力指数。然后进行分层回归分析，检验多元文化压力成分是否能预测照顾者和孩子的焦虑程度，并在第一步输入孩子的年龄、家庭年收入和主观社会经济状况。文化压力对照顾者（ΔR² = .13，p < .001）和儿童（ΔR² = .15，p < .001）的焦虑症状有正向预测作用，超过了观察到的主观社会经济地位的反向作用，因此文化压力水平越高，照顾者（ß = .37，p < .001）和儿童（ß = .39，p < .001）的焦虑症状水平越高：结论：本研究结果强调了种族主义、文化适应压力和政治敌意在加剧拉丁裔家庭焦虑症状方面的作用，并指出文化压力可能是导致拉丁裔女孩在关键发育期焦虑率高的一个因素。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Caregiver experienced racism, acculturative stress, and political hostility predict anxiety in Latinx families residing in the United States.

Objective: Cultural stress potently predicts mental health inequities, such as anxiety, among adult and adolescent immigrants in the United States. However, less work has focused on preadolescence, a period marked by neurodevelopmental and psychosocial changes that can exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Latina girls, who exhibit heightened levels of untreated anxiety, may be at elevated risk. The present study tests whether cultural stress predicts anxiety symptoms in Latina girls and their caregivers.

Method: The primary caregivers of 161 predominantly Mexican-identifying Latina girls (Mage = 10.70, SD = 1.68) reported their exposure to racism, acculturative stress, and political hostility. They also reported their own and their daughter's anxiety severity.

Results: To index cultural stress, a principal component was extracted from composite scores of the racism, acculturative stress, and political hostility questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses then tested whether the multidetermined cultural stress component predicted caregiver and child anxiety, with child age, annual household income, and subjective socioeconomic status entered at the first step. Cultural stress positively predicted caregiver (ΔR² = .13, p < .001) and child (ΔR² = .15, p < .001) anxiety symptoms over and above the observed inverse effects of subjective socioeconomic status, such that higher levels of cultural stress were associated with elevated levels of caregiver (ß = .37, p < .001) and child (ß = .39, p < .001) anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the role of racism, acculturative stress, and political hostility in escalating anxiety symptoms in Latinx families and identify cultural stress as a factor that likely contributes to the high rates of anxiety in Latina girls during a key developmental period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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