首页 > 资讯 > Relationship Between Athletic Trainer Access, Socioeconomic Status, and Race and Ethnicity in United States Secondary Schools.,Journal of Athletic Training

Relationship Between Athletic Trainer Access, Socioeconomic Status, and Race and Ethnicity in United States Secondary Schools.,Journal of Athletic Training

泰然健康网
2025-05-20 13:47

CONTEXT Authors of extensive research have exposed health care disparities regarding socioeconomic status (SES) and race and ethnicity demographics. Previous researchers have shown significant differences in access to athletic training services (athletic trainer [AT] access) in the secondary school setting based on SES, but with limited samples. OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in AT access based on race and ethnicity and SES on a national scale. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Database study using secondary analysis. Data were collected from the National Center for Education Statistics, Athletic Training Location and Services database, and US Census Bureau. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 10 983 public schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Descriptive data were summarized by measures of central tendency. A 1-way analysis of variance determined differences between school characteristics (median household income, percentage of students eligible for free and reduced lunch, percentage of White students, and percentage of non-White students) based on AT access: full-time (FT-AT), part-time (PT-AT), and no AT (no-AT). A Bonferroni pairwise comparison was used for variables with significant main effects. RESULTS Across all schools included in the study, 43.8% had no-AT (n = 4812), 23.5% had PT-AT access (n = 2581), and 32.7% had FT-AT access (n = 3590). Significant effects were found between AT access and median household income (P < .001), the percentage of students eligible for free and reduced lunch (P < .001), the percentage of White students (P < .001), and the percentage of non-White students (P < .001). Schools with FT-AT access had a higher SES than PT-AT and no-AT schools. Significant differences existed between AT access groups and the race and ethnicity of schools. Schools with FT-AT access had a significantly lower percentage of non-White students (31.3%) than schools with no-AT (46.0%; P < .001). No significant differences between FT-AT and PT-AT access based on race and ethnicity demographics presented (P ≥ .13). CONCLUSIONS Schools with higher SES had greater AT access, whereas schools with a higher percentage of non-White students were more likely to have no AT access, demonstrating the disparities in health care extends to athletic health care as well. To increase AT access, future initiatives should address the inequities where larger minority populations and counties of lower SES exist.

中文翻译：

美国中学运动教练机会、社会经济地位与种族和民族之间的关系。

背景广泛研究的作者揭示了社会经济地位（SES）与种族和民族人口统计方面的医疗保健差异。以前的研究人员已经表明，基于 SES 的中学环境中获得运动训练服务（运动教练 [AT] 访问权限）存在显着差异，但样本有限。目的调查全国范围内基于种族和民族以及 SES 的 AT 访问差异。设计横断面研究。SETTING 使用二次分析的数据库研究。数据来自国家教育统计中心、运动训练地点和服务数据库以及美国人口普查局。患者或其他参与者共 10 983 所公立学校。主要结局指标描述性数据按中枢倾向测量进行总结。单因子方差分析根据 AT 访问确定了学校特征（家庭收入中位数、有资格获得免费和减价午餐的学生百分比、白人学生百分比和非白人学生百分比）之间的差异：全日制（FT-AT）、兼职（PT-AT）和无 AT （no-AT）。Bonferroni 成对比较用于具有显著主效应的变量。结果在研究包括的所有学校中，43.8% 没有 AT （n = 4812），23.5% 有 PT-AT 访问（n = 2581），32.7% 有 FT-AT 访问（n = 3590）。发现 AT 访问与家庭收入中位数（P < .001）、有资格获得免费和减价午餐的学生百分比（P < .001）、白人学生百分比（P < .001）和非白人学生百分比（P < .001）之间存在显著影响。具有 FT-AT 访问权限的学校的 SES 高于 PT-AT 和无 AT 的学校。 AT 访问组与学校的种族和民族之间存在显着差异。拥有 FT-AT 访问权限的学校的非白人学生百分比（31.3%）明显低于没有 AT 的学校（46.0%;P < .001）.基于所呈现的种族和民族人口统计数据，FT-AT 和 PT-AT 访问之间没有显着差异（P ≥ .13）。结论 SES 较高的学校具有更多的 AT 访问权限，而非白人学生比例较高的学校更有可能没有 AT 访问权限，这表明医疗保健方面的差异也延伸到运动医疗保健。为了增加 AT 的可及性，未来的举措应解决存在大量少数族裔人口和 SES 较低县的不平等现象。