BBC
A healthy lifestyle might add five years to your life, despite your genes.
不管你的基因如何，健康的生活方式可能会让你多活五年。
This is News Review from BBC Learning English, where we help you understand news headlines in English.
这里是 BBC 英语学习频道的时事摘录，在这里我们帮大家读懂英语新闻标题。
I'm Neil.
我是尼尔。
And I'm Georgie.
我是乔吉。
Make sure you watch to the end to learn the vocabulary you need to talk about this story.
请一定要看到视频最后，学习谈论这则新闻所需的词汇。
And don't forget to subscribe to our channel, so that you can learn more English from news headlines.
不要忘记订阅我们的频道，这样你就可以从新闻标题中学习更多英语。
Now, the story.
现在，来看报道。
Your DNA can influence how long you live.
你的 DNA 会影响你的寿命。
But it's still worth leading a healthy life, according to new research.
但根据新的研究，健康的生活方式仍然值得提倡。
In the first study of its kind, scientists explored whether the negative impact of genetics on life expectancy could be reduced by a healthy lifestyle.
在首次同类研究中，科学家们探讨了健康的生活方式是否可以减少基因对预期寿命的负面影响。
Habits to extend life include regular exercise, a healthy diet, no smoking, and getting enough sleep.
延年益寿的生活习惯包括经常锻炼、健康饮食、不吸烟和充足睡眠。
You've been looking at the headlines, Georgie, what's the vocabulary people need to understand this news story in English?
乔吉，你已经看过新闻标题了，要理解这则英语新闻，人们需要知道哪些词汇？
We have 'prolong', 'offset' and 'tweaks'.
我们有“延长”、“偏移”和“调整”。
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
这里是 BBC 英语学习频道的时事摘录。
Let's have our first headline.
让我们来看第一个标题。
This one's from the Independent.
这一条来自《独立报》。
Vast study shows healthy living could prolong the lives of some by five years.
大量研究表明，健康的生活方式可使一些人的寿命延长五年。
So, this headline is about a vast study.
那么，该标题是关于一项大型研究。
That means a very large-scale piece of academic research.
这意味着这是一项非常大规模的学术研究。
The word that we are looking at though is 'prolong'.
不过，我们要学习的是“延长”这个词。
It's a verb and it has the word 'long' inside it, Georgie.
这是动词，里面有“长的”这个词，乔吉。
So are we talking about making something longer?
那么，我们是在讨论让某样东西变得更长吗？
Yes, Neil.
对，尼尔。
But you can use 'prolong' for some things and not others.
但你可以用 prolong 来形容某些事物，而非其他事物。
So, do you want to do a guessing game?
那么，你想玩猜谜游戏吗？
Yes, please.
好啊，你说。
I'll give you some examples where you can use it and where you can't, and you can guess the rule.
我给你举几个例子，哪些地方可以用 prolong，哪些地方不可以用 prolong，你来猜猜规则。
So, I can prolong a meeting, healthy living can prolong our lives.
所以，我可以延长会议，健康的生活方式可以延长我们的生命。
But if I... if my trousers are too short and I want to make them longer, I can't prolong them.
但是，如果我......如果我的裤子太短，我想把它改长一点，我就不能说“延长它”。
No, you're right.
是不能，你说得对。
You can lengthen them, so your quiz... I'm guessing that 'prolong' is used for time. Is that right?
你可以加长它们，所以你的测验......我猜“prolong”是用来表示时间的延长。对吗？
That is right, Neil. Well done! - Yeah.
没错，尼尔。答得很好！- 是的。
OK, a note on the pronunciation of this word 'prolong'.
好，注意一下 prolong 这个单词的发音。
It's got two syllables, the stress is on the second.
它有两个音节，重音在第二个音节上。
And so the 'o' in the first part sounds like 'uh' prolong, prolong.
所以第一部分中的 o 听起来像 uh，延长 prolong。
Anything else you can tell us, Georgie?
还有什么要给我们讲的吗，乔吉？
Yes, well, quite often, not always, we use it in quite a negative sense.
有，很多时候，不总是，我们用它来表达负面的含义。
So, it's used to talk about delay a lot or time that has extended that we don't want.
因此，它被用来形容拖延很多时间，或者时间延长到我们不希望看到的程度。
So, if you're sick, you should rest to recover, because we don't want to prolong the illness.
所以，如果你生病了，你应该休息来恢复，因为我们不想延长病程。
In a construction project, if the materials are out of stock for a while, this could prolong the process.
在建筑工程中，如果材料暂时缺货，就会延长工期。
It could extend the date for completion.
这可能会延长竣工日期。
Yes, and we don't want this explanation to go on too long.
是的，我们不希望关于这个单词的解释持续太久。
We don't want to prolong it, we don't want it to be too boring.
我们不想延长时间，也不想太无聊。
Let's look at that again.
让我们再看一遍。
... We've got lots to do today, so let's not prolong this meeting unnecessarily...
我们今天有很多事情要做，所以我们不要不必要地延长这次会议的时间。
Let's have a look at our next headline.
一起来看我们的下一个标题。
This one is from the Guardian.
这一条来自《卫报》。
Healthy lifestyle may offset genetics by 60% and add five years to life, study says.
研究称，健康的生活方式可抵消 60% 的遗传因素，并使寿命延长五年。
So, this headline says that if you have DNA that could negatively impact how long you live, a healthy lifestyle could reduce that effect.
所以，这个标题说的是，如果你的基因会对你的寿命产生负面影响，那么健康的生活方式可以减少这种影响。
Now I think the word we really want to look at here, Georgie, is 'offset'. Is that right?
乔吉，我想我们真正要学的词是“抵消”。是这样吗？
Yes. So, if your genes might reduce your life expectancy, living healthily might actually help to bring that life expectancy back up.
是的。所以，如果你的基因可能会缩短你的预期寿命，那么健康的生活方式其实可能有助于延长预期寿命。
It offsets the negative effects of genetics.
它抵消了基因的负面影响。
It brings about a kind of balance.
它带来了一种平衡。
Yes, and an example of this word 'offset' that's used a lot at the moment is carbon offsetting.
是的，“抵消”这个词现在用得很多，碳抵消就是一个例子。
So, we have this idea of doing something good, planting trees, to reduce the negative effects of doing something bad, burning carbon.
因此，我们有这样一种概念：做些好事，比如植树造林，来减少做坏事（比如燃烧碳）所带来的负面影响。
So, we offset the bad thing with something good.
所以，我们用好事来抵消坏事。
Is there anything else to say about this?
关于这个单词还有什么要讲的吗？
Yes, we've got a couple of similar words.
有，我们有几个相似的词。
One is 'counter-balance', which is about re-finding that balance.
一个是“使平衡”，即重新找到平衡。
We've also got 'neutralise' which is about taking away the bad and adding some good.
我们还有“中和”，意思是去掉不好的东西，加入一些好的东西。
So, quite similar.
所以，意思非常相似。
OK, let's look at that again.
好，让我们再看一遍。
... Planting trees offsets carbon emissions by absorbing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere...
植树可以吸收大气中的温室气体，从而抵消碳排放。
Let's have our next headline.
让我们来看下一个标题。
This one is from the Daily Mail.
这一条来自《每日邮报》。
Proof you can outrun bad genes with just four lifestyle tweaks — and it'll give you an extra five years of life.
事实证明，只需微调四种生活方式，你就能摆脱不良基因的影响——而且还能让你多活五年。
So, this headline says that we can outrun our DNA.
这个标题说我们可以超越基因对我们的影响。
That means 'to get ahead of' in a metaphorical sense, but we're looking at the word 'tweaks'.
这是隐喻意义上的“超越”，但我们要学的是“调整”这个词。
That's a nice little word, Georgie.
这个词很好听，乔吉。
It sounds like the noise that a bird makes — 'tweak tweak', is that right?
听起来像鸟发出的声音——“啾啾，啾啾”，对吗？
Erm, Neil, no. That is a 'tweet'.
呃，尼尔，不对。那个是 tweet。
Here, a 'tweak' means a small change or a slight adjustment to something, anything.
在这里，tweak 指的是对某物或某样东西的微小改变或轻微调整。
So, here in the headline — 'just four lifestyle tweaks'.
所以，这里的标题是“稍微调整一下四种生活方式”。
They're trying to make the change sound easy and small, so that you can extend your life.
他们想让这种改变听起来简单而微小，从而就能延长你的寿命。
Yes, now some typical contexts you can use this word in: perhaps you have a financial budget.
是的，现在你可以在一些典型的语境中使用这个词：也许你有财务预算。
It's ready to go for the year ahead.
它已经为来年做好了准备。
But you need to make some small changes — make some tweaks.
但你需要做一些小的改变——做些微调。
Perhaps also you have a favourite recipe that you want to cook for a friend that they have an allergy.
也许你也有一份最喜欢的食谱，想做给朋友吃，但他们有过敏。
You need to tweak that recipe, so that they don't get ill.
你需要调整食谱，这样他们就不会生病。
What else can you tell us about tweaks?
关于微调一词，你还能给我们讲些什么内容？
Well, in the headline, we see it as a noun.
在标题中，我们把它看作名词。
It often goes with the verb 'make' so we make a tweak, but it can also be used as a verb.
它经常和动词 make 搭配，所以我们有“进行调整”，但它也可以用作动词。
So, for example, yesterday I wrote this script.
例如，昨天我写了这个脚本。
But this morning before coming into the studio, Neil and I tweaked the script a bit to make sure that it was ready for today.
但今天早上在进录音室之前，尼尔和我稍微调整了一下脚本，以确保它能适合今天的讲解。
Yes, we made just some small changes, some tweaks, because it was basically brilliant, wasn't it?
是的，我们只是做了一些小的改动和调整，因为它大体上很不错，不是吗？
Let's look at that again.
让我们再看一遍。
... After a few tweaks to the recipe, it was perfect...
对食谱稍作调整后，它就完美了。
We've had 'prolong' — extend the duration.
我们学“延长”——延长持续时间。
'Offset' — do something good to reduce the effect of something bad.
“抵消”——做一些好事来减少坏事的影响。
And 'tweaks' — small changes.
还有“微调”——小的变化。
Now, if you're interested in learning more language related to health and fitness, click here.
现在，如果你有兴趣学习更多与健康和健身相关的语言知识，请点击这里。
And don't forget to click here to subscribe to our channel, so you never miss another video.
不要忘记点击这里订阅我们的频道，这样你就不会错过任何视频了。
Thank you for joining us and goodbye.
感谢大家的收看。再见。
Bye.
再见。
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