食物偏好机制及其对肥胖影响的研究进展
摘要：
近年来全球的肥胖患病率持续攀升，对高糖和高脂食物的偏好是导致肥胖的主要原因之一。食物的偏好指个体对特定食物的喜好程度，其形成与食物在胃肠道消化后产生的饱腹感、满足感和奖赏感等生理效应密切相关。随着神经影像学、化学遗传学等技术的不断发展，食物偏好行为背后的神经、生理机制正逐步被揭示。有研究显示，食物在胃肠道内消化吸收的过程中可以释放化学信号或电信号，这些信号通过神经通路、体液通路及肠道菌群介导的肠-脑轴传递至中枢神经系统，随后通过激活或抑制孤束核神经元、多巴胺奖赏回路和下丘脑中的相关神经通路来调节摄食行为。基于此，该文对食物偏好的定义、评估方法和机制研究进行介绍，并对食物信息在肠-脑轴之间的传递途径、调节食物偏好的奖赏回路以及食物偏好行为在肥胖治疗中的应用进行综述，以期为食物偏好领域的研究及肥胖治疗提供一定的参考。
关键词: 食物偏好, 肥胖, 肠-脑轴, 奖赏
Abstract:
In recent years, the global prevalence of obesity has continued to rise, with a preference for high-sugar and high-fat foods being one of the primary contributors to this condition. Food preference refers to the degree of individual liking for specific foods, and its formation is closely related to the physiological effects such as satiety, satisfaction and reward that occur after food digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. With the continuous advancement of technologies such as neuroimaging and chemogenetics, the underlying neural and physiological mechanisms of food preference behavior are gradually being elucidated. Studies have shown that the digestion and absorption of food in the gastrointestinal tract can release chemical or electrical signals, which are transmitted to the central nervous system via neural pathways, humoral pathways and the gut-brain axis mediated by gut microbiota. Subsequently, these signals regulate feeding behavior by activating or inhibiting neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract, the dopaminergic reward pathways and relevant neural circuits in the hypothalamus. Based on this, the article introduces the definition, evaluation methods and mechanisms of food preference, and reviews the pathways of food information transmission within the gut-brain axis, the reward circuits that modulate food preference and the application of food preference behavior to the treatment of obesity, in order to provide reference for research in the field of food preference and obesity treatment.Key words: food preference, obesity, gut-brain axis, reward
中图分类号:
R58
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