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番石榴的果实、种子和叶：特性、用途和健康益处

泰然健康网
2024-12-25 08:36

番石榴的果实、种子和叶：特性、用途和健康益处

Chirle de Oliveira Raphaelli, Divanilde Guerra, Elisa dos Santos Pereira, Juliana da Rocha Vinholes, Taiane Mota Camargo, Sergio Francisco Schwarz, Magnólia Aparecida Silva da Silva, Márcia Vizzotto, Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze, Leonardo Nora

摘要

本地果树具有用于食品和制药业的潜力，在民间医药中被广泛使用。Guabiju，又名 guabijuzeiro（Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand），是一种多年生乔木，属于桃金娘科，分布于巴西圣保罗到南里奥格兰德州，以及乌拉圭、玻利维亚、巴拉圭和阿根廷等其他国家。该物种在鲜果消费或工业化方面具有巨大的商业潜力。鉴于其重要性，有必要对其特征（表型、繁殖、生殖、化学和营养）、用途和应用开展研究。然而，现有的信息从未系统化，因此，本综述的目的是汇编有关该物种的信息，以指导进一步的研究。在形态方面，瓜比寿斯罗是一种半落叶乔木，主要通过种子和无性繁殖进行繁殖。在繁殖方面，缺乏对繁殖方式进行评估的研究。果实可以新鲜食用，也可以加工成冰淇淋、果汁、冻干或脱水。它甜而微酸，热量低，富含碳水化合物、必需脂肪酸、钙和钾。果实、种子和叶子都含有大量生物活性化合物和高抗氧化能力。果肉中的类胡萝卜素和酚类化合物含量很高，果皮富含花青素，尤其是在成熟期，此外还有萜类化合物。M. pungens 具有抗菌作用和胃保护活性，在预防神经退行性疾病和对抗顺铂（一种抗癌剂）的副作用方面很有前景。最后，还需要对这一物种进行进一步研究，主要是叶片的特征、果实的用途和应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Fruits, seeds and leaves of guabijuzeiro (Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand): characteristics, uses and health benefits

Native fruit trees have potential for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries, which is widely used in folk medicine. Guabiju, known as guabijuzeiro (Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand) is a perennial tree that belongs to the family Myrtaceae, occurring in Brazil from São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul, and other countries like Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. This species demonstrates great commercial potential regarding the consumption of its fresh fruit or industrialized. Due to its importance is necessary to develop studies aimed at characterization (phenotypic, propagative, reproductive, chemical and nutritional), uses and applications. However, the available information has never been systematized and in this sense the objective of this review is to compile information about the species to guide further research. Regarding morphology, the guabijuzeiro is a semi-deciduous tree species, with propagation is carried out mainly through seeds and vegetative. Regarding reproductive aspects, there is a lack of studies that assess the mode of reproduction. The fruit can be consumed fresh or processed as ice cream, juice, freeze-dried or dehydrated. It is sweet and slightly acidic, low in calories, high in carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, calcium and potassium. Both the fruit, the seed and the leaves have high levels of bioactive compounds and high antioxidant capacity. The fruit pulp stands out for its carotenoids and phenolic compounds and the peel is rich in anthocyanins, especially in the mature phase, in addition to terpenoids. M. pungens has antimicrobial effects, gastroprotective activity and is promising in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and against the side effects of cisplatin, an anticancer agent. Finally, there is a need for further studies with this species, mainly in the characterization of the leaves, uses and applications of the fruit.